1. The patient
2. The order being considered
The usual way
The model-informed way
Public data: FDA labeling
3. What the model predicts
Table view of the chart
4. The individualized order, with its flow pattern
What the pump would run (10 mg/mL)
The same order as a standard FHIR MedicationRequest (draft)
5. Reasoning
How this works, and what it is not
Decades ago Ty Smith's BODY let a teacher build a patient by hand and watch a drug land differently in a different body. It could not be used on real patients. Here the patient's own chart supplies the settings, a published pharmacokinetic model does the math, the reasoning layer explains the result and checks it against the chart, and the order is written with a goal and a flow pattern instead of a single number.
What it is not. The pharmacokinetics are the Schnider propofol model, built from 24 adult volunteers aged 25 to 81. The cardiac-output adjustment (slower arrival, smaller initial mixing volume, flow-limited distribution) is an illustrative extension based on published findings, not a validated model. There is no inter-drug interaction, no hemodynamic response, and no individual variability beyond the uncertainty band shown. A system that recommended doses for real patients would be a medical device and would need clinical validation and a regulatory path with FDA.
- Schnider TW, Minto CF, Gambus PL, et al. The influence of method of administration and covariates on the pharmacokinetics of propofol in adult volunteers. Anesthesiology 1998;88:1170-1182. Parameters as tabulated in Absalom AR, Mani V, De Smet T, Struys MMRF. Br J Anaesth 2009;103(1):26-37.
- Upton RN, et al. Cardiac output is a determinant of the initial concentrations of propofol after short-infusion administration. Anesth Analg 1999;89:545-552.
- Krejcie TC, Avram MJ. What determines anesthetic induction dose? It's the front-end kinetics, doctor! Anesth Analg 1999;89:541-544.
- Adachi YU, Satomoto M, Higuchi H, Watanabe K. The determinants of propofol induction time in anesthesia. Korean J Anesthesiol 2013;65:121-126.
- DIPRIVAN (propofol) prescribing information, via openFDA drug label API.
- Smith NT. PC-based "BODY" simulation presents anesthesia learning chance, challenge. APSF Newsletter 1999;14(2).